Status and Power-Relationship between Human's Status and Vocabulary

Research  in  the  field  of  linguistics  has  shown  that  there  is  a  direct  relationship between the amount of status, power or prestige a person commands and that person’s range of vocabulary. In other words, the higher up the social or management ladder a person  is,  the  better  able  he  is  to  communicate  in  words  and  phrases.  Non-verbal research has revealed a correlation between a person’s command of the spoken word
and  the  amount  of  gesticulation  that  that  person  uses  to  communicate  his  or  her message. This means that a person’s status, power or prestige is also directly related to the number of gestures or body movements he uses. The person at the top end of the social or management scale can use his range of words to communicate his meaning, whereas the less educated or unskilled person will rely more on gestures than words to
communicate.

Most  of  the  examples (recover photos) given  refer  to  white,  middle-class people but, as a general rule the higher the person on the socio-economic scale, the less gesticulation and body movement he uses.

The speed of some gestures and how obvious they look to others is also related to the age of the individual. For example, if a five-year-old child tells a lie to his or her parent,  the  mouth  will  be  deliberately  covered  with  one  or  both  hands  immediately afterwards. The gesture of covering the mouth alerts the parent to the lie and this gesture continues to be used throughout the individual’s lifetime, usually varying only in the speed at which it is done. When the teenager tells a lie, the hand is brought to the mouth like that of a five-year-old, but instead of the obvious hand slapping gesture
over the mouth, the fingers rub lightly around it .

This mouth-covering gesture becomes even more refined in adulthood. When the adult tells a lie, his brain instructs his hand to cover his mouth in an attempt to block the deceitful words, just as it does for the five-year-old and the teenager, but at the last moment the hand is pulled away from the face and a nose touch gesture results.  This  gesture  is  nothing  more  than  the  adult’s  sophisticated  version  of  the mouth-covering gesture that was used in childhood. This is an example of the fact that, as an individual gets older, many of his gestures become sophisticated and less obvious,
which is why it is often more difficult to read the gestures of a fifty year-old than those of a much younger person.

Another passage:The Copywriter-history,current&future-3

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Different Gestures and Their Meanings

The Ring or ‘OK’ Gesture
This  gesture  was  popularised  in  the  USA  during  the  early  nineteenth  century, apparently by the newspapers that, at the time, were starting a craze of using initials to shorten common phrases. There’ are many different views about what the initials 'OK' stand for, some believing it stood for all correct' which may have been misspelled as ‘oll korrect’, ppt to avi while others say that it means the opposite of ‘knock-out’ that is, K.O.
Another  popular  theory  is  that  it  is  an  abbreviation  of  ‘Old  Kinderhook’,  from  the birthplace  of  a  nineteenth  century  American  president  who  used  the  initials  as  a campaign slogan. Which theory is the correct one we may never know, but it seems that the  ring  itself  represents  the  letter  ‘O’  in  the  ‘OK’  signal.  The-,’OK’  meaning  is common to all English-speaking countries and, although its meaning is fast spreading
across  Europe  and  Asia,  it  has  other  origins  and  meanings  in  certain  places.  For example, in France it also means ‘zero’ or ‘nothing’; in Japan it can mean ‘money’; in some Mediterranean countries it is an orifice signal, often used to infer that a man is homosexual.
For overseas travellers, the safest rule to obey is, ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do’. This can help avoid any possible embarrassing circumstances. 

The Thumb-Up Gesture
In Britain, Australia and New Zealand the thumb-up gesture has three meanings; it is commonly used by hitch-hikers who are thumbing a lift, it is an OK signal, and when the thumb is jerked sharply upwards it becomes an insult signal, meaning ‘up yours’ or ‘sit on this’. In some countries, such as Greece, its main meaning is ‘get stuffed’, so you can imagine the dilemma of the Australian hitch-hiker using this gesture in that country!
When Italians count from one to five, they use this gesture to mean ‘one’ and recover deleted photos on Mac the index finger then becomes ‘two’, whereas most Australians, Americans and English people count ‘one’ on the index finger and two on the middle finger. In this case the thumb will represent the number‘five’.

The  thumb  is  also  used,  in  combination  with  other  gestures,  as  a  power  and superiority signal or in situations where people try to get us ‘under their thumb’. A later chapter takes a closer look at the use of the thumb in these particular contexts.

The V Sign
This sign is popular throughout  Australia,   New Zealand  and  Great  Britain  and carries an ‘up  yours’interpretation. Winston Churchill popularised the V for victory sign during  World  War  II,  but  his two-fingered  version  was  done with the palm facing out, whereas the   palm   faces   towards   the speaker  for  the  obscene  insult version. In most parts of Europe, however, the palm facing in version  still  means‘victory’so that an Englishman who uses it to tell  a  European  to‘get  stuffed’could leave the European wondering about what victory the Englishman meant. This signal also means the number two in many parts of Europe, and if the insulted European were a bartender, his response could be to give an Englishman or an Australian two mugs of beer.
These  examples  show  that  cultural  misinterpretation  of  gestures  can  produce embarrassing  results  and  that  a  person’s  cultural  background  should  always  be considered before jumping to conclusions about his or her body language or gestures. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, our discussion should be considered culturally specific,  that  is,  generally  pertaining  to  adult,  white  middle  class  people  raised  body language in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, North America and other places where English is the primary language.

Congruence
If you, as the speaker, were to ask the listener shown in Figure 5 to give his opinion of what you have just said and he said that he disagreed with you, his non-verbal signals would  be  congruent  with  his  verbal  sentences,  that  is,  they  would  match  or  be consistent. If, however, he said he was enjoying what you had to say, he would be lying because his words and gestures would be incongruent. Research shows that non-verbal signals carry about five times as much impact as the verbal channel and that, when the two are incongruent, people rely on the non-verbal message; the verbal content may be disregarded.
We  often  see  a  high  ranking  politician  standing  behind  a  lectern  with  his  arms tightly  folded  across  his  chest  (defensive)  and  chin  down  (critical  or  hostile),  while telling his audience how receptive and open he is to the ideas of young people. He may attempt to convince the audience of his warm, humane approach while giving short, sharp karate chops to the lectern. Sigmund Freud once noted that while a patient was verbally expressing happiness with her marriage, she was unconsciously slipping her wedding  ring  on  and  off  her  finger.  Freud  was  aware PowerPoint to avi of  the  significance  of  this unconscious gesture and was not surprised when marriage problems began to surface.

A Framework for Understanding-PERCEPTIVENESS, INTUITION AND HUNCHES

As we approach the end of the twentieth century, we are witnessing the emergence
of a new kind of social scientist-the non-verbalist. Just as the birdwatcher delights in
watching  birds  and  their  behaviour,  so  the  non-verbalist  delights  in  watching  the
non-verbal cues and signals of human beings. He watches them at social functions, at
beaches, on television, at the office or anywhere that people interact. He is a student of
behaviour who wants to learn about the actions of his fellow humans so that he may
ultimately  learn  more  about  himself  and  how  he  can  improve  his  relationships  with
others.
It seems almost incredible that, over the million or more years of man’s evolution,
the non-verbal aspects of recover photos communication have been actively studied on any scale only
since  the  1960s  and  that  the  public  has  become  aware  of  their  existence  only  since
Julius Fast published a book about body language in 1970. This was a summary of the
work done by behavioural scientists on nonverbal communication up until that time,
and even today, most people are still ignorant of the existence of body language, let
alone its importance in their lives.
Charlie Chaplin and many other silent movie actors were the pioneers of non-verbal
communication skills; they were the only means of communication available on the
screen.  Each  actor  was  classed  as  good  or  bad  by  the  extent  to  which  he  could  use
gestures  and  other  body  signals  to  communicate  effectively.  When  talking  films
became  popular  and  less  emphasis  was  placed  on  the  non-verbal  aspects  of  acting,
many  silent  movie  actors  faded  into  obscurity  and  those  with  good  verbal  skills
prevailed.
As far as the technical study of body language goes, perhaps the most influential
pre-twentieth-century work was Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in
Man and Animals published in 1872. This spawned the modern studies of facial expres-
sions and body language and many of Darwin’s ideas and observations have since been
validated by modern researchers around the world. Since that time, researchers have
noted and recorded almost one million nonverbal cues and signals. Albert Mehrabian
found that the total impact of a message is about 7 per cent verbal (words only) and 38
per cent vocal data recovery program (including tone of voice, inflection and other sounds) and 55 per cent
non-verbal.  Professor  Birdwhistell  made  some  similar  estimates  of  the  amount  of
non-verbal  communication  that  takes  place  amongst  humans.  He  estimated  that  the
average person actually speaks words recovery program</a>
 for a total of about ten or eleven minutes a day
and that the average sentence takes only about 2.5 seconds. Like Mehrabian, he found
that the verbal component of a face-to-face conversation is less than 35 per cent and that
over 65 per cent of communication is done non-verbally.
Most  researchers  generally  agree  that  the  verbal  channel  is  used  primarily  for
conveying   information,   while   the   non-verbal   channel   is   used   for   negotiating
interpersonal attitudes, and in some cases is used as a substitute for verbal messages.
For example, a woman can give a man a ‘look to kill’; she will convey a very clear
message to him without opening her mouth. Regardless   of   culture,   words   and   movements   occur   together   with   such
predictability that Birdwhistell says that a well-trained person should be able to tell
what movement a man is making by listening to his voice. In like manner, Birdwhistell
learned  how  to  tell  what  language  a  person  was  speaking,  simply  by  watching  his
gestures.
Many people find difficulty in accepting that humans are still biologically animals.
Homo sapiens is a species of primate, a hairless ape that has learned to walk on two
limbs and has a clever, advanced brain. Like any other species, we are dominated by
biological rules that control our actions, reactions, body language and gestures. The
fascinating thing is that the human animal is rarely aware of his postures, movements
and gestures that can tell one story while his voice may be telling another.
PERCEPTIVENESS, INTUITION AND HUNCHES
From  a  technical  point  of  view,  whenever  we  call  someone  ‘perceptive’  or
‘intuitive’, we are referring to his or her ability to read another person’s non-verbal cues
and to compare these cues with verbal signals. In other words, when we say that we
have a ‘hunch’ or ‘gut feeling’ that someone has told us a lie, we really mean that their
body language and their spoken words do not agree. This is also what speakers call
audience awareness, or relating to a group. For example, if the audience were sitting
back  in  their  seats  with  chins  down  and  arms  crossed  on  their  chest,  a  ‘perceptive’
speaker would get a hunch or feeling that his delivery was not going across. He would
become aware that he needed to take recover photos from Mac a different approach to gain audience involvement.
Likewise, a speaker who was not ‘perceptive’ would blunder on regardless.
Women are generally more perceptive than men, and this fact has given rise to what
is commonly referred to as ‘women’s intuition’. Women have an innate ability to pick
up and decipher non-verbal signals, as well as having an accurate eye for small details.
This  is  why  few  husbands  can  lie  to  their  wives  and  get  away  with  it  and  why,
conversely, most women can pull the wool over a man’s eyes without his realising it.
This female intuition is particularly evident in women who have brought up young
children. For the first few years, the mother relies solely on the non-verbal channel to
communicate with the child and this is believed to be the reason why women often
become more perceptive negotiators than men.